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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have a long history of robust response, good tolerance, and safety over the life span. It is essential to choose a medication and dosage that will relieve your child's or your own symptoms without causing adverse consequences. This can take a lot trial and error as and a clear communication with your physician. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs which increase the activity of the central nervous system. Students, artists, athletes, workers, and others use them to boost their cognitive and performance. They also serve to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. They also treat binge eating disorder, as well as other anxiety disorders. The most commonly used stimulant medications are methylphenidates and amphetamines. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in immediate-release and extended-release formulas. In the case of immediate-release, they are typically taken every four hours, as required. When they stop working they can cause sudden and temporary drop in energy. The crash can cause extreme cravings, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heart rate in some people, especially those who don't eat enough. Extended-release medications are designed to release its active ingredients over 8-16 hours. Your doctor may recommend this kind of medication if you want lasting symptom control and do not need to take a pill multiple times a day. Ritalin Concerta and Focalin are all extended-release methylphenidate drugs. Daytrana is a long-acting methylphenidate product that sticks to your skin like a bandage and lasts the entire day. This kind of medication is usually prescribed to adults with ADHD who need daily doses that last longer than the immediate-release alternatives. The use of stimulants doesn't treat ADHD however they can assist in managing symptoms by enhancing the way that neurons in the brain communicate with each with each other. By blocking or binding their receptors, they can alter the levels of neurotransmitters, like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released and helps messages between neurons be more efficiently sent and received. Doctors sometimes prescribe antidepressants in addition to stimulants to treat ADHD. The majority of the antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD affect the levels of norepinephrine serotonin and dopamine in your brain. One of the groups, called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, is a good choice for people who have anxiety or depression, too. These drugs are typically combined with stimulants to enhance their effectiveness. Your doctor can switch between stimulant and non-stimulant medication in the event that your current medication isn't working or has intolerable adverse effects. Long-acting Around 70% to 80% children and adults with ADHD benefit from stimulants. They help reduce symptoms like fidgeting and talking over others. They can also improve social skills and job performance. Stimulant medications begin to work as soon as they cross the blood-brain barrier, which can take between 45 and 60 minutes. They boost the levels of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in brain cells which reduces hyperactivity and impulseivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medications contain two molecules that are the methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). Stimulants can cause side effects including upset stomach, decreased appetite, elevated heart rate and blood pressure as well as headaches, nervousness or anxiety. They can also make tics worse and cause sleep problems for some people. Long-acting stimulants, such as Strattera or Wellbutrin, work day and night. Short-acting medications only last for a short period of time. They can also help with other conditions such as depression or anxiety. The medications affect the way that your body regulates chemical known as monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes that break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain. These chemicals remain in the body for longer if not broken down. This can affect your behavior and your thinking. Long-acting medications can have fewer negative effects. Your doctor may prescribe it in smaller doses that you can take throughout the day. Some stimulants come in extended-release form that you can take once every day. This may be more convenient for some adults, however it's important to that you should take them daily. SSRIs and other medicines have shown to be effective in treating ADHD in many adults. SSRIs are typically prescribed for depression or anxiety however they can also be prescribed for ADHD. Around 70% of people react to these medications. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a different SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been demonstrated to be more efficient than placebos in a controlled study. These medications can trigger serious side effects, such as hearing ringing, anxiety and changes in vision, heart and lung function. Short-acting Stimulant medication reduces ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These are the two chemical compounds that help people focus and regulate their behavior. They are available in many forms, and each has its own brand name such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two primary kinds of stimulant drugs amphetamines and methylphenidates. All have similar effects, but their duration of action varies. The methylphenidates can have a shorter-lasting effect lasting up to three hours. Amphetamines on the other hand have a longer-lasting effect. Certain people are tolerant of stimulant drugs better than others, and your doctor may prescribe them. It is important to learn all you can about the drug and its possible side effects, how often it should be taken and any specific warnings that must be followed. This will help you and your physician determine the most suitable medication for you. These medications may also cause some negative side effects such as insomnia, or a loss of appetite. Consult your physician if you experience these side effects. You may need to adjust the dosage or even try a different medication. Adults with ADHD who don't respond well to stimulants could be treated with non-stimulant drugs that take longer to get started but improve a person's ability to pay attention and control impulses. These medications can be prescribed alone or in combination with stimulants. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera or Qelbree is the first. It increases dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex which controls the behavior. Another is guanfacine (brand name Intuniv) that belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha agonists. These drugs block reuptake and increasing the level of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was originally designed to treat high blood pressure, has now been shown to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations There are a number of drug combinations that are used by people suffering from ADHD. These include stimulants combined with depressants such as the guanfacine or clonidine. These drugs can have a calming effect on the brain, and can decrease symptoms such as sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They can also prevent the withdrawal symptoms caused by stimulants. However, this combination can be risky if properly used. Combining two stimulants at the simultaneously increases the risk of serotonin syndrome, which is a type of drug emergency that happens when the body is flooded with too many serotonin. This combination can also increase the blood pressure and heart rate. medication for adult adhd associated with this medication are greater for people with pre-existing conditions like high blood pressure or heart disease. Combinations of stimulants are now being used by teens and young adults. These substances, which are sold in pharmacies, are sometimes called “legal highs”. These drugs are also sold on the black market. These substances can be hazardous, especially when combined with alcohol and other drugs. This is referred to as polydrug use, and is extremely risky. Mixing drugs can cause unpredictable and harmful consequences. These include increased heart rate, decreased respiration, hallucinations, and paranoia. A study showed that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy when treating ADHD. Combining medications improved adherence, and enabled patients to experience greater symptom relief than monotherapy. Many patients, however, were unable to continue treatment due side effects. In some instances it is possible that the medication has been discontinued due to sleep problems or worsening of tics. This could be due to a misdiagnosis or lack of medication. Nonstimulants can also be used to treat ADHD. These medications are effective in improving attention span and impulse regulation however they are not as effective as stimulants. They are less likely to suppress appetite and growth. Certain antidepressants may also be prescribed for ADHD. However, they have a smaller chance of improving concentration and focus. Numerous studies have demonstrated that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be combined to yield better results than either by itself. Combining these two medications improved adherence and reduced side effects for most people. The combination was also effective in adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a viable treatment for children suffering from severe ADHD.